Leaf rust, caused by Puccinia triticina (Pt), stripe rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici (Pst), and stem rust caused by Puccinia graminis f.sp.tritici (Pgt) are major diseases to wheat production globally.Host resistance is the most suitable approach to manage these fungal pathogens.We investigated the phenotypic and genotypic structur

Abstract The potential of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy, to inform the study and conservation of mineralised excavated textiles is discussed, highlighted by two case studies of 5th c.BCE finds.In both cases the textiles were funerary from pyre burials, used to wrap the remains of the incinerated bones of the deceased, and plac

Combat sports have been practiced for millennia and today are predominant sports at the Olympic games, with international organizations that host world, continental and national championships at amateur standard.There are also an increasing number of professional combat sports with global audiences.The growing popularity of professional combat spor

BackgroundThe spread of Bluetongue virus (BTV) among ruminants is caused by movement of infected host animals or by movement of infected Culicoides midges, the vector of BTV.Biologically plausible models of Culicoides dispersal are necessary for predicting the spread of BTV and are important for planning control and eradication strategies.MethodsA

The Panel on Plant Health performed a pest categorisation of Strawberry caruso rhodiola latent C virus (SLCV) for the European Union (EU) territory.SLCV is defined only by symptoms in strawberry indicators.It has not been characterised, is not recognised as a valid species, and reliable detection assays are unavailable.SLCV is transmitted by vegeta